In today’s world, where social media, markets, and other external forces constantly influence our thoughts and actions, it’s essential to critically examine the sources of our desires and inclinations. Immanuel Kant’s conception of freedom emphasizes the importance of reason in distinguishing between our genuine wants and those imposed upon us by society and culture. To be free, we must scrutinize the social and natural forces that shape our inclinations and make informed decisions based on our own principles, rather than blindly following our desires.
The traditional liberal notion of freedom, which equates freedom with the ability to do whatever one wants without interference, is incomplete. Doing what we want doesn’t necessarily make us free, as some of our wants may not originate from us. Consider the urge to constantly check social media or the craving for fast food – these desires may be the result of manipulative algorithms or addictive substances, rather than our genuine preferences. To truly be free, we must develop principles that guide our actions and decisions, and act in accordance with these principles, even when they conflict with our inclinations.
Kant’s philosophy of morality emphasizes the role of reason in producing freedom. By using reason, we can develop principles that are beyond the reach of external influences and act on them, becoming self-determined beings. However, reason can also be misused, rationalizing acts of submission to inclinations and giving them the appearance of free, principled acts. It’s crucial to recognize the potential for reason to be used as a tool against itself and to cultivate a humble attitude, committed to continuous learning and moral self-improvement.
The uncertainty surrounding our freedom should not lead to self-doubt or cynicism. Instead, it should motivate us to strive for freedom, acknowledging that we may still be controlled by invisible authorities and unconscious inclinations. By embracing this uncertainty and committing to the pursuit of freedom, we can work towards liberating ourselves and others from the forces that threaten our autonomy. As Kant believed, it is our moral duty to protect, preserve, and expand our free will, and to use reason to resist manipulation and make informed decisions that align with our principles.
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