The Illusion of Rationality: Embracing the Limits of Our Mental Control
As we navigate the complexities of life, we often assume that our thoughts, feelings, and decisions are the result of a rational and deliberate process. However, philosopher John Shand suggests that this assumption may be an illusion. We are not as rational as we think we are, and our mental stances are often influenced by non-rational causal forces beyond our control. This realization can be both liberating and empowering, allowing us to develop a more nuanced understanding of ourselves and the world around us.
Shand argues that there are two types of processes that lead to our mental stances: rational and non-rational. Rational processes involve a deliberate and normative evaluation of information, whereas non-rational processes are causal and outside of our control. While we often strive to be rational and in control, there are instances where non-rational influences are not only inevitable but also desirable. For example, falling in love or appreciating a beautiful sunset are experiences that cannot be reduced to a rational decision-making process.
The acknowledgment of our limited rationality can be a humbling experience, but it also presents an opportunity for growth and self-awareness. By recognizing the role of non-rational influences in our lives, we can develop strategies to counterbalance them and cultivate more desirable mental stances. This can be achieved through the development of good mental habits, such as questioning our assumptions and being open to new experiences.
Moreover, embracing the limits of our rationality can help us avoid the pitfalls of hubris and overconfidence. When we assume that we are entirely rational and in control, we become more susceptible to non-rational influences and less likely to recognize our own biases and flaws. By acknowledging the complexity of our mental processes, we can become more aware of our vulnerabilities and take steps to mitigate them.
Ultimately, the recognition of our limited rationality is not a cause for despair but rather a call to action. By embracing the interplay between rational and non-rational processes, we can develop a more nuanced understanding of ourselves and the world around us. As Shand notes, “we can use this very knowledge, if we can get ourselves to accept that it is so, to deal with non-rational causal influences on our mental stances in a way, when appropriate, so as not to entertain mental stances we should not.” By acknowledging the limits of our rationality, we can become more rational, more self-aware, and more compassionate individuals.
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